AIO 313 Honours for Herakleides of Klazomenai

Honours for Herakleides of Klazomenai

AIO 313 Date: 403 - ca. 395 BC and 424 - 403 BC (?)

[. . . . . . . . . . ¹⁹ . . . . . . . . . ψήφισμα τόδε κ]- [αὶ τὸ πρότερον γενόμενον Ἡρακλείδηι?] ἀναγράψαι τὸν [γραμματέα τῆς βολῆς κα]- ὶ θε͂ναι ἐν πόλει. vac. vacat

5 ἔδοξεν τῆι βολῆι κ̣[αὶ τῶι δήμωι· Ἀκαμαν- or Πανδιο]- [τ- or ν]ὶς ἐπρυτάνευεν· Σ[. . . . ἐγραμμάτευεν]· [Θ- or Ν]εοκλείδης ἐπεστ[άτει. . . . . . . ¹² . . . . . .] [εἶ]πεν· Ἡρακλείδην [τὸν Κλαζομένιον ἀν]- [αγρ]άψαι τὸγ γραμμ[ατέα τῆς βολῆς πρόξ]- 10 [ενο]ν καὶ εὐεργέτη[ν καθότι ἂν τῶι δήμω]- [ι δο]κῆι καὶ θε͂ναι ἐ[ν πόλει ἐπειδὴ εὖ ἐπ]- [όησ]εν τὰς Ἀθηναίω[ν πρεσβείας καὶ τὰ ἄ]- [λλα ἀ]νήρ ἐστι ἀγαθ[ὸς εἰς τὸν δῆμον τὸν] 14 [Ἀθη]ναίων.

14 Θοκυδίδη̣[ς εἶπε· τὰ μὲν ἄλλα κ]- 15 [αθά]περ τῆι βολῆι· ἐπ̣[ειδὴ δὲ οἱ πρέσβες] [οἱ π]α̣⟨ρ⟩ὰ βασιλέως ἥκ[οντες ἀγγέλοσι Ἡ]- [ρακ]λείδην συμπράτ[τεν ἑαυτοῖς προθύ]- [μως] ἔ̣ς τε τὰσπονδὰς [. . . . . . ¹² . . . . . . καὶ] [εἰς ἄ]λλο ὅ τι ἐπαγγέ[λειαν, ναι Ἡρακλε]- 20 [ίδηι] γῆς ἔγκτησιν κα[ὶ οἰκίας Ἀθήνησι]- [ν καὶ] or [καὶ μετο|ικίο ἀ]τέλειαν καθάπ[ερ τοῖς ἄλλοις πρ]- [οξένο]ις· καὶ ἐάμ πο βια̣[ίωι θανάτωι ἀπο]- [θάνηι, ναι π]ερὶ αὐτο͂ τ[ιμωρίαν καθάπε]- [ρ ἐάν τις Ἀ]θηναί̣ω̣ν ἀπ[οθάνηι, καὶ τάδε τ]- 25 [οῖς ἐκγόν]οις τοῖς Ἡ̣[ρακλείδο. vac.] vacat [Ἡρακλ]είδο Γ[. . . . ⁸ . . . .] [προξέ]νο καὶ [εὐεργέτο] [Κλαζο]μενίο. vac. vacat

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Translated text

References:

AIO 313 (Translated text) (AIO)

IG II² 8 (PHI)

IG II² 65 (PHI)

IG I³ 227 with addenda (IG Online) (PHI)

SEG 66.35

Syll.³ 118

ML 70 with addenda

SdA II 183

Walbank, Proxenies, 47

Fornara, Translated documents 138

Whitehead, Honours for Herakleides of Klazomenai, (ll. 20-21, 23)

Culasso, Prossenie, 35-55 (ll. 12-13, 18)

OR 157 (ll. 5, 7)

Translation by: Stephen Lambert, P. J. Rhodes

Images: Aleshire - (1)
Ohio - (1)

Monument type: Stele

Inscription type: Decree 1 (Council/People), Decree 2 (Council and People), Decree 3 (People)

Original location: Acropolis

Fragment a - Findspot: Acropolis (EM 6882)
Fragment b - Findspot: Acropolis (EM 2714)

No transliterations No places

[1] Like several other proxeny decrees, the original versions of decrees 2 and 3 may have been destroyed by the Thirty. Cf. OR 177B. In that case decree 1 may have been passed by the restored democracy after 403 and provided for the reinscription of decrees 2 and 3. [2] The honorand, nicknamed “the king” (basileus), presumably in connection with the actions referred to in decrees 2 and 3, proposed an increase in assembly pay from 1 obol (the level at which it was introduced in 403) to 2 obols ca. 400–395 (it was further increased to 3 obols before the late 390s, Ar. Eccl. 289-311, 392, cf. Ath. Pol. 41.3), and at some time served as general (Plat. Ion 541d 1–4, Ath. 11.560a, Aelian V.H. 14. 5). Perhaps he was made an Athenian citizen by decree 1 (though ll. 24-26, emphasising his status as proxenos, are in that case a little peculiar. Perhaps, however, they have simply been transcribed from the original version of decrees 2 and 3). [3] At this point the text has been restored to read “that has been concluded” (τὰς γενομένας, Wilamowitz ap. IG), “with the king” (τὰς πρὸς βασιλέα ἔ|ς τε, Köhler, IG) or “with the city” (τὰς πρὸς τὴν πόλιν | καὶ, Culasso). Three possible contexts have been identified: (a) following the death of Artaxerxes, king of Persia, in winter 424/3 and the accession of Darius. An Athenian embassy to Persia turned back on hearing of the death of Artaxerxes (Thuc. 4.50.3), but Andok. 3 Peace 29 (a speech deemed to be spurious by E. M. Harris, in Polis and Politics: Studies in Ancient Greek History Presented to M. H. Hansen [2000], 479–505) mentions a treaty made through Andokides’ uncle Epilykos, which the Athenians later abandoned to support the rebel Amorges (a rebellion which ended with Amorges’ capture in 412: Thuc. 8.5.5, 19.2, 28, 54.3); (b) ca. 407, i.e. a realisation of the hopes of diverting Persian support from Sparta to Athens which Alcibiades encouraged from 412/1 (Thuc. 8.46–9) until 407/6 (Xen. Hell. 1.5.8–9). However, such a diversion seems never to have been achieved and the only Athenian embassy known to have set out to the King during this period did not reach him (Xen. Hell. 1.3.8–9, 14, 4.1–7); (c) in 397 or 395, in a context in which the Spartans were fighting the Persians on behalf of the Greeks of Asia Minor (Xen. Hell. 3.1.3–4, Diod. 14.35.6–36) and the Athenian Konon raised a fleet for the satrap Pharnabazos (Diod. 14.39.1-4, cf. Xen. Hell. 4.3.11), Pharnabazos (if in 397, Hell. Oxy. 10.2.5 Chambers, Polyain. 1.48.3) or Tithraustes (if, less likely, in 395, Xen. Hell. 3.5.1, Plut. Artox. 20.4, Paus. 3.9.8) sent Timokrates of Rhodes with Persian money to encourage Sparta’s enemies in Greece, though there is no evidence that a treaty was concluded in this context. E. M. Harris, ZPE 126 (1999), 123-8 argues against (a), emphasising that the wording of l. 16 ought to refer to Persian envoys to Athens, not returning Athenian envoys; Culasso that details of the formulaic wording do not suit (a), that (b) is possible but (c) most likely. P. J. Rhodes, ZPE 200 (2016), 177-86 (= SEG 66.35), defends (a). In reply, see now E. M. Harris, Tekmeria 16 (2021-2022), 19-68.

Added: 8 Oct 2013
Updated: 7 Nov 2023
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ID: AIO_313