AIUK3 no. 3 Accounts of the Amphiktyons of Delos, 377/6-374/3 BC

Accounts of the Amphiktyons of Delos, 377/6-374/3 BC

AIUK 3 (Fitzwilliam Museum, Cambridge) no. 3 Date: 377/6-374/3 BC

Face A

Fragment a

Prescript of accounts for 377/6-Thargelion 375/4 Gods.^[1] These are the acts of the Athenian Amphiktyons^[2] from the archonship of Kalleas (377/6) until the month of Thargelion in the archonship of Hippodamas (375/4) at Athens, and in Delos from the archonship of Epigenes until the month of Thargelion (5) in the archonship of Hippias, for the time that each of them were in office, their secretary being Diodoros son of Olympiodoros of Skambonidai: Idiotes son of Theogenes of Acharnai^VI from the archonship of Charisandros (376/5) until the month of Hekatombaion in the archonship of Hippodamas (375/4), Sosigenes son of Sosiades of Xypete^VII for the year of Kalleas’ archonship (377/6), Epigenes son of Metagenes of (10) Koile^VIII, Antimachos son of Euthynomos of Marathon^IX, Epikrates son of Menestratos of Pallene^X.

Receipts of interest from cities^[4] (11) Of the cities these paid interest (toko): Mykonos 1,260 dr(achmas), Syros 2,300 dr., Tenos 1 tal(ent), Keos 5,472 dr. 4½ ob(ols), Seriphos 1,600 dr., Siphnos 3,190 dr. 4 ob., Ios 800 dr., Paros 2970 dr., the Oinaians from Ikaros 4000 dr., the Thermaians from Ikaros 400 dr.: total interest received from the cities, (15) 4 tal. 3,993 dr. 2½ ob.

Receipts of interest from individuals^[4] (15) Of individuals these paid interest: Ariston of Delos on behalf of Apollodoros of Delos 900 dr., Artysileos of Delos on behalf of Glauketes of Delos 700 dr., Hypsokles of Delos 300 dr., Agasikles of Delos on behalf of Theokydes of Delos 630 dr., Theognetos of Delos on behalf of Hypsokles of Delos 312 dr. 3 ob., Antipatros of Delos on behalf of Hypsokles of Delos 287 dr. 3 ob., (20) Poly-s of Tenos on behalf of M-menes of Tenos 400 dr., Leukinos of Delos on behalf of Kleitarchos of Delos 935 dr., Leophon of Delos on behalf of Pistoxenos of Delos 350 dr., Patrokles of Delos on behalf of Hypsokles of Delos 300 dr., Aristeides of Tenos on behalf of Oinades of Tenos 250 dr.: total interest from individuals, 5,325 dr.

Court receipts^[4] Confiscated following denunciation from the property of Episthenes of Delos (25) 380 dr.; confiscated following denunciation from Python of Delos 1,100 dr.; from distraints arising from adverse outcomes of legal cases, total value 1,845 dr.

Rents^[4] Rents of sacred properties on Rheneia in the archonships at Athens of Charisandros (376/5) and Hippodamas (375/4), and on Delos of Galaios and Hippias 2 tal. 1,220 dr. Rents of sacred properties on Delos in the same archonships 2,484 dr. Rents of houses (30) in the archonship of Hippodamas (375/4) at Athens, and in Delos of Hippias 297 dr.

Total receipts: 8 tal. 4,644 dr. 2½ ob.

Expenditure^[4] From this the following was spent: a crown for the god as mark of excellence, including pay for the maker, 1,500 dr.; tripods as prizes for the choral competitions, including pay for the maker, > 1,000 dr.; for the chief sacred delegates (archetheōrois) 1 tal.; for the conveyance of the sacred delegates (theōrōn) and the (35) choirs,^[5] to Antimachos son of Philon of Hermos the trierarch 1 tal. 1,000 dr.; number of cattle bought for the festival 109, price of these 1 tal. 2,419 dr.; gold- leaf and pay for the goldsmith 126 dr.; for the preliminary sacrifices at the festival -; conveyance of the tripods and cattle and 2% tax and fodder for the cattle and the price of the wood for the [altars and ? -] price of . . . (40) . . . exchange (?) . . .

Unknown number of lines missing

Fragment b

6 lines traces (47) . . . and . . . for the . . . . . . the cake (pelanos) [and the?] choral dances . . . . . . for the Amphiktyons for their requirements and for the secretary [and under-secretary] (50) > 30 dr.

(50) Total expenditure: > 6 tal.

Loans^[4] (50) We made loans on the same terms as others had borrowed the sacred funds of Apollo Delios: to - of -os 500 dr., to Pasikles son of Deikrates of Tenos -, to - of -os 37 dr., to Phoinikles son of Leoprepes of - -, to - (55) of Delos 25 dr.

(55) Total expenditure including loans: 7 tal. 665 dr. 2 ob. Surplus, 1 tal. 3,979 dr. ½ ob.

Prescript of accounts for Skirophorion 375/4 to 374/3 (57) These are the acts of the Amphiktyons from the month of Skirophorion in the archonship of Hippodamas (375/4) until the archonship of Sokratides (374/3) at Athens, and in Delos from the month of Pamenos until the archonship of Pyrraithos, their secretary being (60) Diodoros son of Olympiodoros of Skambonidai, the Athenians were - son of -des of Oe^VI, Nikomenes son of Hieron of Halai^VII, Epigenes son of Metagenes of Koile^VIII, Antimachos son of Euthynomos of Marathon^IX, Epikrates son of Menestratos of Pallene^X, the Andrians^[3] were Damales son of Damales, - son of -, - son of Leogorides, Theoteles son of Androkritos, Ne[stor son of Aelptos].

Rents (and court receipts?)^[4] (64) [These are the receipts.] (65) Rents of sacred properties on Rheneia > 1 tal. 350 dr., rents of sacred properties on Delos 1,522 dr., rents of houses 297 dr., [from distraints or taxes ? ...]

Total receipts: 1 tal. 3,012 dr.

Expenditure^[4] (67) From this the following was spent: for monthly [sacrifices] and musical and gymnastic contests . . . and for a trumpeter and a herald and [his assistant] . . . (70) for the - 1,672 dr. 5½ ob., for building the wall . . . and for repair of the headquarters (epistasio) and the [house of the?] A[ndrians? . . . , for] dedication of the crown and for the headdresses (stleggidas) (?) [price, for supporting speakers] sent by the Council (to the allied cities?) to plead in court cases > 105 dr. . . . for - 550 dr. For the Athenian Amphiktyons for their requirements and for the secretary (75) and under-secretary 2,658 dr. For the Andrian Amphiktyons for their requirements 2,100 dr.

(76) Total expenditure: 1 tal. 1129 dr. 5½ ob. Surplus, 1,882 dr. ½ ob. Total surplus including that from the previous account 1 tal. 5,861 dr. 1 ob.

Loans etc.^[4] From this we made loans to these Delians on the same terms as others had borrowed the sacred funds of Apollo (80) Delios: 3,000 dr. The borrowers owe this . . . . . . son of Apollodoros, Koibon son of Telemnestos, Arist- . . . . . . son of -okleides, Artysileos son of Nikarchos . . . . . . Eutychides (?) son of Dionysodoros . . . . . . son of -ostratos, Pa- . . . (85) . . . Pistotimos . . . . . . Euthykrates (?) . . . . . . another loan (?) 1 tal. They owe this . . . . . . son of -ios, Demokles (?) . . . . . . Demophanes son of De- . . . (90) . . . son of -des, Ariston son of A- . . . . . . Tynnon son of The- . . . . . . son of -tos, Patrokles (?) . . . . . . Timonax . . . . . . To the Seriphians [we loaned] . . . (95) . . . 300 dr. We handed over . . . . . . to the Andrian Amphiktyons Damales and [his fellow officials ?] . . . . . . to the religious official Pyth- . . . . . . to - 800 dr.

(98) Total expenditure [including the money] [which we lent and] handed over: > 3 tal. [ . . . Surplus] (100) . . .

Rents^[4] . . . rents of [the following?] sacred properties, [in the archonship] [of Charisandros (376/5) at Athens, and in] Delos of Galaios . . . . . . 5 dr.; guarantor (egguētēs) Nik- . . . . . . in the archonship of Hippodamas (375/4) at Athens, [and on Delos of Hippias] (105) . . . son of -simbrotos of Delos. . . . [guarantor] . . . of Delos. Of the estate (?) . . . . . . 250 dr., guarantor . . . . . . [which was the property?] of Episthenes; Go- . . . . . . guarantor Nike- . . . (110) . . . [in the archonship of Sokratides (374/3)] at Athens, [and in Delos of Pyrraithos . . . ] . . .

Face B

Fragment a

Arrears The following cities failed to pay the interest which they ought to have paid in our period of office and did not pay during the four years: Keos 4,127 dr. 1½ ob., Mykonos 420 dr., Syros 4,900 dr., Siphnos 2,089 dr. 2 ob., Tenos 2,400 dr., Thermaians (5) from Ikaros 400 dr., Paros 4 tal. 1,830 dr., Oinaians from Ikaros 1 tal. 80 dr. The following cities did not pay the interest in the four years of our period of office in the archonships at Athens of Kalleas (377/6), Charisandros (376/5), Hippodamas (375/4), Sokratides (374/3), and on Delos of Epigenes, Galaios, Hippias, Pyrraithos: Naxos 1 tal. 3,060 dr., (10) Andros 2 tal., Karystos 1 tal. 2,400 dr. erasure The following individuals did not pay the interest in the four years of our period of office in the archonships at Athens of Kalleas (377/6), Charisandros (376/5), Hippodamas (375/4), Sokratides (374/3), and on Delos of Epigenes, Galaios, Hippias, Pyrraithos: Agatharchos son of Ariston of Delos 400 dr., (15) Agakles son of Hypsokles of Tenos > 200 dr., Euphrainetos son of Euphantos of Delos 150 dr., Alkmeonides son of Thrasydaios of Athens 60 dr., Glaukippos son of Kleitarchos of Delos 400 dr., D-on (?) of Karystos 200 dr., Skyllias of Andros 200 dr., Hypsokles son of Theognetos of Delos 400 dr., Prianeus son of Syros from Galessa 48 dr. (?) [Hera?]kleides son of Thrasynnades (20) of Delos 52 dr., Habron son of Thrason of Sphettos 280 dr., Laches son of Laches of Steiria > 700 dr., Maisiades son of Nymphodoros of Delos 140 dr. Thrason son of Habron of Sphettos -, Aristeides son of Deinomenes of Tenos on behalf of Oinades son of Kleo- of Tenos 220 dr.

Fines The following fines were payable for impiety in the archonship of Charisandros (376/5) (25) at Athens, and on Delos of Galaios, the prescribed penalty and perpetual exile, because they led the Amphiktyons from the sanctuary of Apollo Delios and beat them: Epigenes son of Polykrates 10,000 dr., Pyrraithos son of Antigonos 10,000 dr., Patrokles son of Episthenes 10,000 dr. erasure Aristophon son of Leukippos 10,000 dr., Antiphon son of Tynnon (30) 10,000 dr., Odoiteles son of Antigonos 10,000 dr., Telephanes son of Polyarkes 10,000 dr.^[6]

Buildings Houses on Delos sacred to Apollo Delios: house in Kolonos, which belonged to Euphantos, the neighbour of which is Alexos; the potteries, which belonged to Euphantos, the neighbour of which is the baths of Ariston; at Pedion, a house, which belonged to Leukippos, the neighbour of which is Agesileos; (35) a house, which belonged to Episthenes, the neighbour of which is the road; the bronze foundry, which belonged to Leukippos, the neighbour of which . . . buildings of -; house . . . house, which belonged to Episthenes, [the neigbour of which . . . which (pl.) belonged] to Leukippos, the neighbour of which . . . the neighbour of which is the buildings (40) . . . the potteries, which belonged to Euphantos, . . .

Unknown number of lines missing

Fragment b

. . . . . . . . . upper room . . . (45) . . . and fuller’s shop . . . . . . and building . . . . . . which belonged to Episthenes . . . . . . the neighbour of which was Dei- . . . [the neighbour of which was -]doros; house which belonged . . . (50) . . . which belonged to Leukippos . . . . . . neighbour [of which] was Kaibon . . . . . .

Next - I Délos 1497bis
Greek text

References:

AIUK 3 (Fitzwilliam Museum, Cambridge) no. 3 (Translated text) (AIUK) (AIO)

IG II² 1635 (a-bA) (PHI)

Syll.³ 153 (a-bA)

I Délos 98 (PHI)

NCIDélos pp. 29-37

RO 28

Chankowski, Athènes et Délos no. 13

Translation by: Stephen Lambert

AIO Images: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Images: Krateros - (1)

Monument type: Stele

Inscription type: Account

Fragment a - Findspot: Athens, church of Elias (Fourmont) (Fitzwilliam Museum Loan 20 (“Sandwich marble”))
Fragment b - Findspot: Athens, seen by Koumanoudes in a modern house on right bank of Ilissos, 1872 (EM 8022)

Transliterations on Places on

[1] A video about this inscription is available on the AIO Youtube channel.

The upper fragment of this inscription, known as the “Sandwich marble”, was obtained by the Earl of Sandwich on a visit to Athens and brought to Cambridge in 1739. The lower fragment was found in the late 19th century and is in Athens. The island of Delos was the original base for the League of Greek states founded by Athens after the defeat of the Persian invasion of 480 BC. The earliest records of the management of the sanctuary of Apollo there date to 434/3-431/0 BC, OR 147 = I Délos 89 = Chankowski 2008 no. 1. Athens intervened heavily in Delos during the Archidamian War, “purifying” the island (including by removing graves) and reviving the quadrennial festival, the Delia, in 426 BC (Thuc. 3.104). Later she briefly expelled the Delians (Thuc. 5.1 and 5.32), and by 410 BC we find the sanctuary being managed by a board of four Athenian Amphiktyons (I Délos 93 = Chankowski no. 5; Amphiktyonies were organisations which administered Panhellenic sanctuaries and on which delegates from more than one Greek state were normally represented. The sanctuary at Delphi was also administered by an Amphiktyony). Athens ceded control over the sanctuary to the Delians after her defeat in the Peloponnesian War (cf. RO 3, with notes), regaining it after Konon’s victory at Knidos in 394 BC (I Délos 97 = Chankowski no. 11, Athenian copy of accounts of Amphiktyons, 393/2-390/89 BC; Chankowski no. 12 is the Delian copy of the same accounts; on Konon and Knidos see RO 11, with notes). It used to be thought that Athens lost control again following the King’s Peace of 386 BC, with its stipulation of autonomy for the Greek cities, and that these accounts, which date to shortly after the foundation of the Second Athenian League in 378/7 BC (RO 22), are the first in a series documenting Athens in control once again, but the situation is not clear cut (for further discussion see notes to AIUK 3 (Cambridge), no. 3). Delos regained independent control of the sanctuary in 314 BC and retained it until it was handed back to Athens by Rome in 166 BC (cf. on IG II² 8408). [2] This well preserved set of accounts from Athens (there may have been another copy on Delos) of the Amphiktyons on Delos for the quadrennium 377/6-374/3 BC supplies us with one of our most complete pictures of the financial management of a Classical Greek sanctuary, and incidentally with evidence for unrest at Delos with Athenian control of the sanctuary in the very early years of the Second Athenian League (n. 5). Face A lists receipts and expenditure for the period 377/6 – Thargelion (the penultimate month of the year) 375/4, followed by the period Skirophorion (the last month) 375/4–374/3. This periodicity is related to the celebration of the “Great” (i.e. quadrennial) Delia in Thargelion 375/4 (A32-40). Face B details arrears, fines imposed for impiety, and buildings owned by the sanctuary. This inscription, and 54 others documenting the administration of the sanctuary down to 314 BC, have recently been the subject of a thorough study, Chankowski 2008, q.v.. See also the notes to AIUK 3 (Cambridge), no. 3. On the Amphiktyon, Epikrates of Pallene (ll. 10, 62) cf. IG II³ 4, 24, l. 41. [3] In the second period, from Skirophorion 374/3 BC the Athenian Amphiktyons are joined by five Andrians, who continued in office for a four-year period through to 371/0 (the accounts of 373/2-370/69 BC are I Délos 100 = Chankowski 2008, no. 15), an arrangement that was not, however, continued after that. See further n. 5, below. [4] As was commonly the case with Greek sanctuary finances, the major source of income was rents from sacred properties and interest on loans, the major object of expenditure religious rituals, primarily the celebration of the quadrennial festival. The sanctuary made loans both to cities and individuals at an interest rate of 10%. It is notable that Athens is not itself recorded in these accounts as borrowing money from Delos, although the Athenians effectively control the sanctuary finances; but that three cities, including Andros, fail to pay any interest at all, and that only two of the smaller borrowers, Seriphos and Ios, pay all interest due, and there is no sign of pressure being brought to bear on those in arrears. To an extent it seems that the Amphiktyons permitted these sanctuary loans to function as a safety valve to relieve financial pressure on Athens’ allies in the Cyclades. The individual borrowers, as one might expect, generally borrow lesser sums than the cities. Like the city borrowers, the individuals are from Cycladic islands, with the exception of the Athenians, none of whom pays any interest. In fact only 6 of the 24 individual borrowers pay interest, all from Delos or Tenos. Rent from sacred properties on Rheneia (the small island next to Delos) and Delos raise substantial sums. [5] On sacred delegations (theoria), see IG II³ 1, 1390, with notes. [6] Swingeing penalties, including perpetual exile and 10,000 drachma fines, are here imposed on seven Delians who had been found guilty of impiety in 376/5 BC for taking the Amphiktyons from the sanctuary and beating them up. It is uncertain whether the Epigenes convicted for this incident was the Epigenes who had been Delian archon in 377/6, and Pyrraithos the Pyrraithos who was Delian archon in 374/3 (B8-9). If, as seems possible, the assault had broad backing in Delos, it would be interesting to know whether it was motivated simply by resentment of (renewed?) Athenian control of the sanctuary, or whether triggered by some specific high-handedness on the part of the Amphiktyons or other Athenians. In any case it is tempting to view the inclusion of Andrians among the Amphiktyons in the later period of these accounts, and the repair of the Andrian house, if that is correctly restored at A71, as a conciliatory gesture by Athens towards other island stakeholders in the sanctuary. There is continuing evidence for official and unofficial Delian opposition to Athenian control in the following generation: in the 340s the Delians lost a case they brought against the Athenians before the Delphian Amphiktyony (Dem. 18.134-36); and in the 330s the leading pro-Athenian Peisitheides of Delos was awarded considerable benefits as an exile at Athens in the wake of another incident on Delos involving family splits, threats of physical violence and legal proceedings (IG II³ 1, 452, cf. SEG 50.178 = Chankowski 2008, no. 36).

Added: 3 Sep 2018
Updated: 23 May 2023
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