AIO 1970 Honours for Euagoras of Salamis, ca. 410 or 407 BC (?)

Honours for Euagoras of Salamis, ca. 410 or 407 BC (?)

AIO 1970 Date: ca. 410 or 407 BC (?)

Fragment a

. . . Euagoras . . . of Salamis^[1] . . . Pythangelos? [The Council and the People decided. -] was the prytany [- was secretary, - was chairman, I]asidemos (5) [proposed: since Euagoras] . . . is a good man . . .

ca. 2 lines missing

Fragment b

. . . . . . he shall be [an] [Athenian] . . . and enrolled . . . [in the phratry and deme and] tribe that (10) he wishes . . . benefactor of the Athenians . . . coming [to Salamis]; and the Council in office [and the prytany? and the] generals shall take care of him, so that he is not harmed . . . not by anyone; and concerning (15) . . . requires anything else . . . [to?] the king . . . [for?] his goodwill and good faith (pisteos) ? . . . shall give, bring ? . . . Salami- (20) . . . from here . . . so that . . . the lawsuits . . . legal convention (chsumbola) . . . the polemarch? (25) [shall immediately introduce the case?] . . .

Uncertain number of lines missing

Fragment b

. . . the secretary of the Council on a stone stele [- - on the (acro)polis] . . . volunteer? . . . . . . benefits Euagoras or Euagoras benefits . . . (30) . . . values highly . . . [invite] . . . [of Euagoras] up to – men ? [to hospitality at the city hall] tomorrow. Kleo- proposed: in other respects as proposed by the Council; but since Euagoras the Salaminian – is a good man . . . and does (35) whatever good he can . . . . . . king and the other . . . so that . . . as much as possible . . . . . . [to the?] king . . . . . . Tissaphernes . . . (40) . . . for Euagoras just as . . . . . . the People . . . . . . accomplish ? . . . . . . and the generals . . . . . . that these things come to pass . . . (45) . . . future . . . . . . and concerning what . . . . . . Chian – (pl.) . . . . . . just as . . . . . . the city hall ? . . . ^[2]

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Greek text

References:

AIO 1970 (Translated text) (AIO)

IG I³ 113 (IG Online) (PHI)

SEG 34.24 (PHI)

SEG 26.23 (ll. 32-39)

SEG 46.43 (l. 47) (PHI)

Osborne, Naturalization, D3

Translation by: Stephen Lambert, Irene Vagionakis

Images: Aleshire - (1)

Monument type: Stele

Inscription type: Decree (Council and People), Decree (People)

Original location: [Acropolis]

Fr. a - Findspot: Acropolis (EM 6844)
Fr. b - Findspot: Acropolis (EM 6608α)
Fr. c - Findspot: Acropolis (EM 6608)

Transliterations on Places on

[1] Textual note. AIO’s text in the main follows Osborne, adopting his line length of 43 letters (42, IG, is also possible), but omitting his and earlier editors’ more speculative restorations. 4 Ἰ]ασίδεμ̣[ος] Byrne, Athenian Onomasticon, Φρ]ασίδεμ[ος] eds. is unattested in Attica | 17-18 πί|[στεος Kirchhoff (IG) | 24-25 S. Cataldi, Symbolai e relazioni tra le città greche, 1983, 287-314 no. 10 (SEG 34.24), cf. e.g. IG I³ 10 , 6-14 | 28 hέκ[οντι Hiller (IG) | 30 fin.-31 in. Lewis (IG). [2] Isokrates 9.54 implies that by the time of his association with Konon in the 390s BC Euagoras of Salamis had already been created “by law” an Athenian citizen on account of “his many great benefactions” (cf. [Dem.] 12.10 Letter of Philip, “you awarded citizenship to Euagoras of Cyprus and Dionysios of Syracuse [cf. IG II² 18] and their descendants”) and the main decree on this stone (1-32) is the one which effected that award. Though fragmentary, the language in ll. 7-9 is recognisably from the formula for a citizenship grant (which most likely extended explicitly to Euagoras’ descendants; Osborne interprets the end of l. 2 as a reference to an, otherwise unattested, son named Pythangelos). The decree cannot be dated precisely, but scholars have found contexts between ca. 411 and 407/5 (ca. 410 IG, early 407? Osborne; the Peloponnesian War context, i.e. pre-403/2 BC, is confirmed by the use of the Attic alphabet). The language of 10-32 is mostly of a kind conventional in honorific decrees, though in 14-24 the Athenians seem to be intent on developing diplomatic relations with Euagoras, including, it seems, a convention on treatment of citizens of either city in the legal systems of the other (symbola agreement). The main decree, which, from the wording of ll. 32-33, is clearly probouleumatic, finishes with a conventional invitation to what seems to be a diplomatic delegation from Salamis to hospitality in the city-hall. There follows a rider, ll. 32-49, which seems to take further diplomatic initiatives, though the text is too fragmentary to enable the substance of them to be reconstructed. Tissaphernes (l. 39) was the Persian satrap (of Lydia to 407 BC), with whom Athenians had dealings between 413 and 407 (see Osborne, vol. II, pp. 22-23; charged by the Persian king with making war on Athens in alliance with Sparta, Tissaphernes actually played one side off against the other until he was replaced as Persian commander in 407 by Cyrus the Younger). Euagoras was himself a “king” and is so referred to in AIUK 4.2, no. 7, but some or all of the references to a king at ll. 16, 36 and 38 may be to Euagoras’ (and Tissaphernes’) overlord, the king of Persia, who was an important player in the later stages of the Peloponnesian War. AIUK 4.2, no. 7 are fragments of the decree(s) which awarded Euagoras further high honours following his involvement, with Konon, in the crucial naval defeat of Sparta in 394/3 BC at the battle of Knidos.

Added: 27 Jan 2020
Updated: 7 Jan 2024
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ID: AIO_1970