AIO 1185 Sacrificial Calendar of Athens (earlier phase)

Sacrificial Calendar of Athens (earlier phase)

AIO 1185 Date: 410-404 BC

Fragment 1

col. 1

^[1] . . . (5) . . . . . .

. . . . . . medimnos of barley . . . for Apollo . . . . . . . . . jug of wine (?) . . . medimnos of barley . . .

col. 2

. . . (10) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . for the bovines from the driving round the first six perquisites (apometra) for the priestess for the piglets for the wood for the sacrificial victims (?) (hieron) for the heralds who - at the Dipolieia

Fragment 4

col. 2

(15) 100 dr. 240 dr. 100 dr. 100 dr.

at the Epidauria . . . Demeter (Deme-) . . . for the sacrificial victims (?) (hier-) . . . for the attendants (?) (ako-) . . . (phr-) . . .

Fragment 5

^[2] (5) . . . . . . (10) . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . a full-grown offering [for H]erak[les?] a full-grown offering . . . for the heroes (?) . . .

On the -nth (-atei),^[3] at the Herakleia (?)^[4] . . .

8 dr. 3 dr. (?) 26 dr. (15) 3 dr. . . .

for the Tritopatreis^[5] . . . - (hiere-)^[6] for - (Pagkoi-)^[7] . . . - (hiere-)^[6] for the Hyakin[thides]^[8] a purificatory offering (katharmon) . . .

Fragment 8

. . . ≥ 35 dr. ≥ 3 dr. ≥ 18 dr. ≥ 4 dr.

Fragment 9

col. 1

. . . (10) . . . . . .

8 lines traces . . . a female . . . . . . a select . . . . . . a hekatomb, rigging or weapons (?) (hop-)

col. 2

. . . . . . price (?) (tim-) . . . . . . _this (?) (touto-) . . . the citizens (?) (poli-) . . . nine archons (?) . . .

Fragment 10

. . . . . . _for Pan- for Zeus Ka[taibates?] . . .

Fragment 11

. . . . . . ≥ 1 dr. ½ ob. (5) ≥ 2 dr. . . . . . .

. . . . . . a select sow _a select sheep _for Kourotrophos . . . _for Leto in the P[ythion?] . . . _for Athena . . . for Athena . . . . . .

Fragment 12

(5)

. . . . . . payments or rentals (?) . . . . . . for sacred things (?) . . . . . . [according to] the specifications . . . . . . tables for . . . . . . each bowl . . . 5 lines traces

Fragment 13

(5)

. . . . . . . . . . . . preliminary sacrifice (prothuma) . . . . . . prepare (?) (-skeuazos-) . . . . . .

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Greek text

References:

AIO 1185 (Translated text) (AIO)

IG II² 1357 fr. a Face B (PHI)

IG I³ 238 (IG Online) (PHI)

IG I³ 239 (IG Online) (PHI)

IG I³ 237bis (IG Online) (PHI)

IG I³ 241 (IG Online) (PHI)

IG I³ 240 H-J (IG Online) (PHI)

SEG 52.48B

SEG 57.64B (fr. 5)

Sokolowski, LSS 9

Sokolowski, LSCG 17A

Clinton, Epidauria, 18-19

Lambert, Sacrificial Calendar, 366-67

CGRN 45B (CGRN)

Translation by: Stephen Lambert

Images: Agora Excavations - (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8)
Aleshire - (1, 2, 3, 4, 5)
Krateros - (1)
Ohio - (1, 2)

Monument type: Stele

Inscription type: Sacrificial Calendar

Fragment 10 - Findspot: Agora (Ag. I 591)
Fragment 11 - Findspot: Agora (Ag. I 945)
Fragment 12 - Findspot: Unknown (Lost)
Fragment 13 - Findspot: Agora close to Stoa Basileios (Ag. I 3732)
Fragment 1a - Findspot: Acropolis (south slope) (EM 8001)
Fragment 1b - Findspot: Unknown (EM 6721)
Fragment 4 - Findspot: Agora by Stoa Basileios (Ag. I 7471)
Fragment 5 - Findspot: Agora by Stoa Basileios (Ag. I 7577)
Fragment 8 - Findspot: Agora (Ag. I 251)
Fragment 9a - Findspot: Agora (Ag. I 687)
Fragment 9b - Findspot: Agora (Ag. I 1026b)
Fragment 9b - Findspot: Agora (Ag. I 1026a)

Transliterations on Places on

[1] These fragments belong to the revision of Athenian law which took place between 410/9 and 405/4 BC and was resumed after the fall of the Thirty, 403/2-400/399 BC. On this revision and other inscriptions produced by it see IG I³ 104 with n. 1. Inscribed largely in the Attic alphabet, which was formally abandoned for official purposes on the restoration of democracy in 403/2, the text on this Face appears to belong to the sacrificial calendar of Athens produced in the first phase of the revision (410/9-405/4). This was an updated version of Solon’s calendar of sacrifices, known as the kyrbeis (of which some fragments are quoted in literary sources, see D. Leão and P. J. Rhodes, The Laws of Solon, 2015, F80-86). It was later superseded by a version of the calendar in Ionic script, erected in the second phase of the revision (403/2-400/399), and inscribed on the reverse face of the same stones, SEG 52.48A. Although this face of the calendar is earlier than the version now preserved on Face A, it is conventionally known as "Face B" because Face A seems to have been erased prior to being inscribed with the later version of the calendar and it is usually assumed that it also originally contained part of the earlier version. In this earlier phase the calendar was perhaps inscribed on a number of separate stelai within the Stoa Basileios (“Royal Stoa”) in the north-west corner of the Agora (cf. J. L. Shear, Polis and Revolution, 2011, 85-96). None of these fragments clearly belonged to the same stele and we do not know how many stelai there originally were. Some of the text on them is patently sacrificial calendar, but some of it, though religious in character, was not certainly organised calendrically (e.g. F12, F13). F1 col. 2 provided for the city’s contribution to the Dipolieia, an archaic festival of Zeus on the acropolis which involved the driving of bovines around the sacrificial table and prominently featured the sacrificial knife in the ritual (see Lambert, Sacrificial Calendar, 386; for the contribution of the deme Skambonidai to this festival see IG I³ 244 A18; for a measure relating to the festival in the Lykourgan period, IG II³ 1, 551); F4 (not yet fully published) relates to the Epidauria, the festival which took place during the Eleusinian Mysteries and commemorated the arrival of Asklepios in Athens in 420 BC (Clinton 1994; Lambert, Sacrificial Calendar, 386-88; cf. SEG 47.232); F5 perhaps includes reference to a festival of Herakles (see further below); F9 apparently related to the Great Panathenaia, which was specially associated with sacrifice of a hekatomb, IG I³ 375 l. 7 (cf. Lambert, Sacrificial Calendar, 388-89). The drafting is less precise than the second revision of the calendar (e.g. animals provided for in the plural with no specification of numbers) and there are no rubrics recording the source of authority for the provisions (though this may be a product of the fragmentary state of the text). This may be indicative of the commission in its later phase tightening up on its earlier practice in response to the kind of attacks on its work implied by Lysias 30.17-22. The source of funding of these sacrifices was probably generally sacred land rentals (see e.g. Harp. s.v. apo misthōmatōn, Isok. Areop. 29), but we lack specific evidence as to precisely how the funding of the city’s calendar was organised (cf. Papazarkadas, Sacred and Public Land, 76-92). In addition to the city’s calendar, many local Attic sacrificial calendars are extant, see IG I³ 232 with links at n. 1.

Textual note. AIO's text of this Face follows the text published by Lambert, Sacrificial Calendar (= SEG 52.48B), except F5, which follows the text of Gawlinski (see next note), subject to the adjustments noted below. The layout of our Greek text is schematic and does not seek to reproduce precisely the (in places somewhat eccentric) arrangement of the text on the stone, especially as regards the (variable) position of the left margin of the main body of text, and of the section of text to the left of it containing monetary amounts. We have reproduced paragraphoi as they are present on the stone, though on the stone the lines containing paragraphoi are not indented. [2] This fragment was first published by L. Gawlinski, Hesp. 76, 2007, 47-53 (= SEG 57.64B). I note some adjustments below based on my own autopsy of the stone on several occasions, most recently in 2016. [3] Gawlinski reads [. . ἐ]ν̣άτει, ninth, but [. δε]κ̣άτει, tenth, also seems possible. [4] The text following the date rubric at the end of l. 11 squeezes two lines into space normally occupied by one and was apparently added as an afterthought. Gawlinski reads Ἡρακ[-] | λ̣[.]. I read Ἡρακ[-] | ι̣ς. This should not perhaps be interpreted as a heading for the offerings to the Tritopatreis etc. specified in subsequent lines, which do not seem to have anything to do with Herakles, but as a shorthand reference to provision for an unconnected Herakleia festival which took place on the same day as those offerings. Several Herakleia festivals are known (see Parker, Polytheism, 2005, 472-3) and there are no grounds for identifying this one with any of them (for a Herakleia partly funded by the city, and partly by the genos Salaminioi see RO 37 ll. 85-7). The obvious restoration, Ἡρακ[λείο]|ι̣ς, however, makes it difficult to explain the overrun of the lines. E.g. Ἡρακ[λείοις ἐν Διομείο]|ι̣ς would be possible (for the Herakleia in Diomeia cf. Parker, 472-3). Ἡρακ[λείδα]|ι̣ς, “for the Herakleidai”, is less attractive as one would expect in that case a victim and a price (unless these were squeezed in to the end of this line). [5] Ancestral figures who appear not only here in the city’s sacrificial calendar, but quite commonly in local Attic calendars, e.g. SEG 50.168 l. 32 (Tetrapolis), SEG 21.541 col. 4 l. 43 (Erchia). [6] Gawlinski restores hιερε[όσυνα], “priestly dues”, but this (same value in 13 as in 15, or higher) would be inconsistent with the apparent tendency on Face A for hiereosyna to vary proportionately to the offerings (8 dr. in 12, 26 dr. in 14). It is possible that that principle was only introduced in the later revision of the calendar, but there are also other possibilities, e.g. in l. 15, hιερέ[αι ἀπόμετρα], cf. F1 l. 10. [7] As Gawlinski notes, there are several possibilities, including Παγκοι[ράνοι], epithet of Artemis, none of them compelling. [8] Daughters of Erechtheus (or alternatively Hyakinthos), sacrificed to save the city, their cult site, the Hyakinthion, is mentioned at IG II² 1035 l. 52 (Gawlinski, 53).

Added: 10 Jan 2017
Updated: 7 Jan 2024
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ID: AIO_1185