AIO 871 Decree honouring Lykourgos of Boutadai

Decree honouring Lykourgos of Boutadai

AIO 871 Date: 307/6 BC

Literary version (Plut. Lives of the Ten Orators 852) (851f) Λυκόφρων Λυκούργου Βουτάδης ἀπεγράψατο αὑτῷ εἶναι σίτησιν ἐν πρυτανείῳ κατὰ τὴν δοθεῖσαν δωρεὰν (852a) ὑπὸ τοῦ δήμου Λυκούργῳ Βουτάδῃ· ἐπὶ Ἀναξικράτους ἄρχοντος, ἐπὶ τῆς Ἀντιοχίδος ἕκτης πρυτανείας, Στρατοκλῆς Εὐθυδήμου Διομειεὺς εἶπεν. ἐπειδὴ Λυκοῦργος Λυκόφρονος Βουτάδης παραλαβὼν παρὰ τῶν ἑαυτοῦ προγόνων οἰκείαν ἐκ παλαιοῦ τὴν πρὸς τὸν δῆμον εὔνοιαν ⟨...⟩, καὶ οἱ πρόγονοι οἱ Λυκούργου, Λυκομήδης τε καὶ Λυκοῦργος, καὶ ζῶντες ἐτιμῶντο ὑπὸ τοῦ δήμου καὶ τελευτήσασιν αὐτοῖς δι’ ἀνδραγαθίαν ἔδωκεν ὁ δῆμος δημοσίας ταφὰς ἐν Κεραμεικῷ, καὶ Λυκοῦργος αὐτὸς (852b) πολιτευόμενος νόμους τε πολλοὺς καὶ καλοὺς ἔθηκε τῇ πατρίδι, καὶ γενόμενος τῆς κοινῆς προσόδου ταμίας τῇ πόλει ἐπὶ τρεῖς πενταετηρίδας καὶ διανείμας ἐκ τῆς κοινῆς προσόδου μύρια καὶ ὀκτακισχίλια καὶ ἐνακόσια τάλαντα, πολλὰ δὲ τῶν ἰδιωτῶν διὰ πίστεως λαβὼν καὶ προδανείσας καὶ εἰς τοὺς τῆς πόλεως καιροὺς καὶ τοῦ δήμου τὰ πάντα ἑξακόσια καὶ πεντήκοντα τάλαντα, δόξας δὲ ἅπαντα ταῦτα δικαίως διῳκηκέναι πολλάκις ἐστεφανώθη ὑπὸ τῆς πόλεως, ἔτι δὲ αἱρεθεὶς ὑπὸ τοῦ δήμου χρήματα πολλὰ συνήγαγεν εἰς τὴν ἀκρόπολιν, καὶ παρασκευάσας τῇ θεῷ κόσμον, Νίκας τε ὁλοχρύσους πομπεῖά τε χρυσᾶ καὶ ἀργυρᾶ καὶ κόσμον χρυσοῦν (852c) εἰς ἑκατὸν κανηφόρους, χειροτονηθεὶς δὲ ἐπὶ τῆς τοῦ πολέμου παρασκευῆς ὅπλα μὲν πολλὰ καὶ βελῶν μυριάδας πέντε ἀνήνεγκεν εἰς τὴν ἀκρόπολιν, τετρακοσίας ⟨δὲ⟩ τριήρεις πλωΐμους κατεσκεύασε, τὰς μὲν ἐπισκευάσας τὰς δὲ ἐξ ἀρχῆς ναυπηγησάμενος, πρὸς δὲ τούτοις ἡμίεργα παραλαβὼν τούς τε νεωσοίκους καὶ τὴν σκευοθήκην καὶ τὸ θέατρον τὸ Διονυσιακὸν ἐξειργάσατο, καὶ ἐπετέλεσε τό τε στάδιον τὸ Παναθηναϊκὸν καὶ τὸ γυμνάσιον τὸ κατὰ Λύκειον κατεσκεύασε, καὶ ἄλλαις πολλαῖς κατασκευαῖς ἐκόσμησε τὴν πόλιν, Ἀλεξάνδρου τε τοῦ βασιλέως ἅπασαν (852d) μὲν τὴν Ἀσίαν κατεστραμμένου, κοινῇ δὲ πᾶσι τοῖς Ἕλλησιν ἐπιτάττειν ἀξιοῦντος, ἐξαιτήσα⟨ντο⟩ς Λυκοῦργον ὡς ἐναντία πράττοντα αὐτῷ, οὐκ ἐξέδωκεν ὁ δῆμος ⟨διὰ τὸν⟩ παρ’ Ἀλεξάνδρου φόβον, καὶ διδοὺς εὐθύνας πολλάκις τῶν πεπολιτευμένων ἐν ἐλευθέρᾳ καὶ δημοκρατουμένῃ τῇ πόλει διετέλεσεν ἀνεξέλεγκτος καὶ ἀδωροδόκητος τὸν ἅπαντα χρόνον· ὅπως ἂν εἰδῶσι πάντες, διότι τοὺς προαιρουμένους ὑπὲρ τῆς δημοκρατίας καὶ τῆς ἐλευθερίας δικαίως πολιτεύεσθαι καὶ ζῶντας μὲν περὶ πλείστου ποιεῖται καὶ τελευτήσασι δὲ ἀποδίδωσι χάριτας ἀειμνήστους, (852e) ἀγαθῇ τύχῃ δεδόχθαι τῷ δήμῳ ἐπαινέσαι μὲν Λυκοῦργον Λυκόφρονος Βουτάδην ἀρετῆς ἕνεκα καὶ δικαιοσύνης καὶ στῆσαι αὐτοῦ τὸν δῆμον χαλκῆν εἰκόνα ἐν ἀγορᾷ, πλὴν εἴ που ὁ νόμος ἀπαγορεύει μὴ ἱστάναι, δοῦναι δὲ σίτησιν ἐν πρυτανείῳ τῶν ἐκγόνων ἀεὶ τῶν Λυκούργου τῷ πρεσβυτάτῳ εἰς ἅπαντα τὸν χρόνον, ἀναθεῖναι δ’ αὐτῷ or περὶ αὐτοῦ — καὶ εἶναι κύρια — πάντα τὰ ψηφίσματα τὸν γραμματέα τοῦ δήμου ἐν στήλαις λιθίναις καὶ στῆσαι ἐν ἀκροπόλει πλησίον τῶν ἀναθημάτων· εἰς δὲ τὴν ἀναγραφὴν τῶν στηλῶν δοῦναι τὸν ταμίαν τοῦ δήμου πεντήκοντα δραχμὰς ἐκ τῶν εἰς τὰ ⟨κατὰ⟩ ψηφίσματα ἀναλισκομένων τῷ δήμῳ.

Inscribed version Fragment a [ἐπὶ Ἀναξικράτους ἄρχοντ]ος· ἔδοξεν τῶι δήμωι· Στρατ- [οκλῆς Εὐθυδήμου Διομεεὺ]ς εἶπεν· [ἐπ]ε[ιδὴ Λ]υκοῦργο[ς] [Λυκόφρονος Βουτάδης παρ]αλ[α]βὼν [πα]ρ[ὰ τῶν ἑ]α[υ]τοῦ π[ρ]- [ογόνων οἰκείαν ἐκ παλαιοῦ] τ[ὴν] πρ[ὸς τὸν δῆμ]ον εὔνο[ι]- (5)[αν - - - - - - - - -]ΛΡ. .Α. [- - - - - - - - - στ]εφαν. - - - - - - - - -τ. . . - - - - - - - - -ΤΟΝ. - - - - - - - - -Ι.Ι. (10)- - - - - - - - -Ν. - - - - - - - - -σ̣χ̣ω̣ν̣ . . - - - - - - - - -ε̣δ̣ε̣.ε̣. .

Fragment b

- - - - - - - - - εἰς . . [- - - - - - - - - τοὺς λιμέν]ας [τῆς πόλεως?] ἀφικν- [ούμενοι θεωρῶσιν? - - - κ?]αὶ κ[εκο]σμημένην τὴν [πόλιν κατασκευαῖς? καταξίαις] τῆς ὑπαρχούσης αὐτε- (5)[ῖ δόξης τοὺς μὲν νεωσοίκους ἐ]ξωικοδόμησεν· τὴν δὲ σ- [κευοθήκην καὶ τὸ θέατρον τὸ] Διονυσιακὸν ἐξηργάσα- [το, τό τε στάδιον τὸ Παναθην]αϊκὸν καὶ τὸ γυμνάσιον τ- [ὸ κατὰ τὸ Λύκειον κατεσκεύ- or ἐπεσκεύ]ασεν καὶ ἄλλαις δὲ πολλαῖ- [ς κατασκευαῖς ἐκόσμησεν] ὅλην τὴν πόλιν· καὶ φόβων κ- (10)[αὶ κινδύνων μεγάλων τοὺς] Ἕλληνας περιστάντων Ἀλε- [ξάνδρωι Θηβῶν or αὐτῶν ἐπικρατήσα]ντι καὶ πᾶσαν τὴν Ἀσίαν κ- [αὶ τὰ ἄλλα τῆς οἰκουμένης? μ]έρη καταστρεψαμένωι δι- [ετέλει ἐναντιούμενος ὑπὲ]ρ τοῦ δήμου ἀδιάφθορον κ- [αὶ ἀνεξέλενκτον αὑτὸν ὑπὲ]ρ τῆς πατρίδος καὶ τῆς τῶ- (15)[ν Ἑλλήνων ἁπάντων σωτηρίας] διὰ παντὸς τοῦ βίου παρ- [έχων καὶ ὑπὲρ τοῦ τὴν πόλιν] ἐλευθέραν εἶναι καὶ αὐτ- [όνομον πάσηι μηχανῆι ἀγωνι]ζόμενος, δι’ ὅπερ ἐξαιτή- [σαντος αὐτὸν Ἀλεξάνδρου ὁ δ]ῆμος ἀπέγνω μὴ συνχωρῆ- [σαι . . . . . . . . . ¹⁷ . . . . . . . . τῆς] ἐξαιτήσεως ἅμ’ ἐν τοῖς ἄ- (20)[λλοις . . . . . . . ¹³ . . . . . . ὧν μετ]έσχεν Λυκούργωι τὴν ἀπ- [ολογίαν . . . . . . ¹² . . . . . . καὶ δ]οὺς εὐθύνας πολλάκις [τ]- [ῶν . . . . . . . . . . ¹⁹ . . . . . . . . . τῶν] διωικημέν[ων ἐν ἐλευθ]- [έραι καὶ δημοκρατουμένηι? τῆ]ι πόλει - - - - - - . . . . . . . . . . . . . ²⁵ . . . . . . . . . . . .ιδι - - - - - -

Fragment c

col. 1

Crown 1 - - - - - - Μυρρι- [νούσιο]ς εἶπεν.

Crown 2 - - - (5)- - -ς [- - - εἶπε]ν.

Crown 3 - - - - - - - - -

Crown 4 (10)- - - - - -ς [- - - εἶπ]εν.

col. 2

Crown 5 ἡ βουλή. Δημέας Σφήττιος (15)εἶπεν.

Crown 6 ἡ βουλή. Διοφάνης Κηφισιεύς εἶπεν.

Crown 7 ἡ βουλή. (20)Κτησικλῆς Βα[τ]ῆθεν εἶπεν.

Crown 8 οἱ φυλέται. Τηλέμαχος [Ἀχ]αρνεὺς εἶπεν. vac.

col. 2

Crown 9 (25)ἡ βουλή. Θεομένης Οἰῆθεν εἶπεν.

Crown 10 ὁ δῆμος. Θεομένης (30)Οἰῆθεν εἶπεν.

Crown 11 ὁ δῆμος ὁ ἐν Σάμωι. Ἐπίκτητο[ς] Ἐπικηφίσιος εἶπεν.

Crown 12 ὁ δῆμος ὁ ἐν Λήμνωι. (35)Τιμόδημος Ἀχαρνεύς εἶπεν.

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Translated text

References:

AIO 871 (Translated text) (AIO)

IG II² 3207 (PHI)

IG II² 457 + 3207 (PHI)

SEG 66.119

SEG 31.84

SEG 41.48

Syll.³ 326

Wilhelm, Attische Urkunden III, 3-6 (Akademieschriften I, 463-66) (association of 3207)

Wilhelm, Attische Urkunden V, 160-66 (Akademieschriften I, 776-782) (fr. b, 2-5)

[Plutarch] Lives of the Ten Orators, 852 (Text: Mau, Teubner, 1971, but see n. 7)

Oikonomides, Epigraphical Tradition, 51-54 (fr. b, 8 and 11)

IALD 355 ([Plut.] 852e)

AIO Papers 6 (association of 3207) (= SEG 66.119) (AIO Paper)

IALD II 153 no. 33, 288-302

Translation by: Stephen Lambert

Images: Krateros - (1, 2)
Ohio - (1)

Monument type: Stele

Inscription type: Decree (People)

Original location: [Acropolis, near the dedications?]

3207 - Findspot: Acropolis (EM 10679)
Fragment a (457) - Findspot: Agora (church of Panagia Pyrgiotissa, south of Stoa of Attalos) (EM 7249)
Fragment b (457) - Findspot: Athens (theatre of Dionysos) (EM 7249)

Transliterations on Places on

[1] Shortly after the ousting of Demetrios of Phaleron and the re-establishment of democracy in 307/6 under the auspices of Antigonos and his son, Demetrios Poliorketes, a decree was passed, on the motion of Stratokles, honouring Lykourgos, who had died in 325. The decree exists both in a fragmentary inscribed version (IG II² 457 + 3207) and a version preserved in the ancient Life of Lykourgos attributed to Plutarch ([Plut.] Lives of the Ten Orators 852), where it is cited from the application of Lykophron for dining rights in the city hall (sitesis, awarded by the decree at 852e), on the basis that he was Lykourgos’ eldest son. Lykophron had perhaps used the papyrus version of the decree in the city archive, or a private copy of the decree based on, or similar to, that version, to support his application. The differences between the two versions (note for example the fuller dating formula in Lykophron's version) partly reflect original differences between Lykophron's copy and the inscribed copy (there are other indications that the archival copies of decrees might include a fuller date than inscribed ones, see e.g. SEG 50.45), partly changes to Lykophron's version in the long course of its transmission from the original, via the transcription presented by Lykophron, and eventually into the medieval manuscripts of the Lives of the Ten Orators. Cf. M. Faraguna, "I Documenti nelle Vite dei 10 oratori dei Moralia plutarchei", in A. M. Biraschi et al. eds., L'uso dei documenti nella storiografia antica (2003), 479-503, at 487-91. On Stratokles, a leading supporter of Demetrios Poliorketes and prolific decree proposer, see N. Luraghi, C&M 65 (2014), 191-226 (SEG 68.8), who plausibly suggests that he might have been an associate of Lykourgos (though there is no explicit evidence linking them in Lykourgos' lifetime) and that the decree is to be understood in the context of a "war of memory" waged between 322 and 307, comparing (p. 210) the posthumous honours awarded to Phokion under Demetrios of Phaleron (Plut. Phok. 38.1; cf. in relation to Demades, AIO Papers 6, 8). [2] Lykourgos was a member of the branch of the genos Eteoboutadai which supplied the priest of Poseidon Erechtheus on the acropolis. Though it does not seem that Lykourgos himself was priest, his son Habron, a leading politician of the period after 307/6 was allotted to the priesthood, but ceded it to his older brother, Lykophron. On the transmission of the priesthood and the details of Lykourgos' ancestors and descendants, who can be traced in some detail through the hellenistic period, see J. Blok and S. D. Lambert, ZPE 169 (2009), 95-121, especially 109-14. [3] Great-grandfather. [4] Grandfather. [5] The law prohibited erection of a statue next to the statues of the tyrannicides, Harmodios and Aristogeiton (on which see IG I³ 502). Part of the base of the statue of Lykourgos is IG II² 3776. [6] In addition to the routine and relatively modest honours awarded typically to officials of the democracy, and regularly inscribed from the 340s onwards, higher honours, typically including, as here, a bronze statue and sitesis, were occasionally awarded to leading politicians and generals. The model for these was the honours awarded the tyrannicides, Harmodios and Aristogeiton (whose descendants still enjoyed sitesis in the fourth century). Recipients included the generals Konon and Iphikrates (see Dem. 20.69-70, 86), and we know from literary sources that some leading figures of the period 350-321 were also honoured in this way, notably Lykourgos' rival Demades, apparently following his remarkably successful negotiation with Alexander the Great after the destruction of Thebes in 335 (Lyk. F9, Dein. 1.101), and Epikrates, author of the ephebic law (cf. note on RO 89). This, however, is the earliest extant inscribed decree of this type for a native-born Athenian. The earliest fully preserved inscribed award of a bronze statue, with sitesis and a seat of honour at festivals, proedria, for a foreigner is IG II² 450 in 314/3 for Asandros of Macedon (not inscribed at public expense; Asandros was probably also an honorary Athenian citizen). Note the prohibition in that decree on erection of the statue next to Harmodios and Aristogeiton. An earlier fragmentary case is the award of a statue to Euagoras of Salamis in 394/3 after the battle of Knidos; IG II² 20 = RO 11. On portrait statues in Athens see G. J. Oliver, in P. Schultz and R. von den Hoff, Early Hellenistic Portraiture (2007), 181-204. On the development of public honours in Classical and Early Hellenistic Athens see now N. Futás, Von der Liturgie zur Euergesie (2024), esp. 73-123, 229-45, 415-34, with appendices collecting the evidence down to ca. 250 BC (in this context see esp. appendix 3). [7] The manuscripts read ἀναθεῖναι δ’ αὐτοῦ. Cf. AIO Papers 6, 3 n. 7. The text of this passage is peculiar, and may have been corrupted in the course of transmission from the Athenian city archive to the medieval manuscripts of [Plut.], but the sense of the provision is clear enough: Stratokles' decree is to be inscribed together with earlier decrees honouring Lykourgos and erected on the acropolis "near the dedications". In the event it seems from the text of the surviving decree that the earlier decrees were not inscribed in full, but instead summaries within crowns were either appended to the text of Stratokles' decree, or inscribed on a separate stele (fragment c). [8] Fragments a-b = IG II² 457 (omitting, however, the restorations of fr. b, 19-22, which are doubtful). Fragment c (which is probably the bottom of the same stele as 457, but might be from a separate associated stele) = IG II² 3207. The text of fragments a-b requires further work. Provisionally, I have accepted the thrust, but not the detailed wording, of Wilhelm 1942, and registered Oikonomides' proposals for fr. b, 8 and 11, as alternatives. I have not accepted: (a) the identification of IG II² 513 as another copy of this decree (suggested SEG 31.84, refuted SEG 49.107 and S. V. Tracy, Athens and Macedon [2003], 70-73), (b) Oikonomides' proposals for fr. a, 5-9 and fr. b, 1-5; (c) SEG 41.48 (proposal for fr. a, ll. 4-5). [9] Acharnai belonged to Oineis, the same tribe as Lykourgos' deme, Boutadai. Telemachos also proposed IG II³ 1, 367, decrees 1 and 3, for the grain trader, Herakleides of Salamis. For further discussion of the decrees honouring Lykourgos commemorated by the crowns in fr. c see AIO Papers 6. [10] See J. Hanink, Lycurgan Athens and the Making of Classical Tragedy (2014), 92-125; Csapo-Wilson 2014, 395-97, 408-9. [11] See Csapo-Wilson 2014, 413. [12] For the arrangement of Attic tribes from 307/6 to 224/3 BC see here.

Added: 14 Sep 2014
Updated: 21 Aug 2024
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ID: AIO_871