IGII2 1996 Catalogue of ephebes, 87/8 AD ?

Catalogue of ephebes, 87/8 AD ?

IG II² 1996 Date: AD 87/8?

For good fortune, in the archonship of the Emperor Caesar, son of the Divine Vespasian, Domitian Augustus Germanicus Zeus of Freedom (Eleutheriou) (87/8 AD?), the superintendent (kosmetēs) Straton (son of Straton) of Epikephisia, (5) inscribed the tutors (paideutas) under him and the ephebes under him.^[1] The Theseia having been held, the competition directors were (ēgōnothetoun): Straton (son of Straton) of Epikephisia the Y(ounger) and [Menandros] son of Straton of Epikephisia and they [won the sea battle (naumachian)] at S[alamis].^[2] The gymnasiarchs were:^[3] (10) Straton (son of Straton) of Epikephisia and

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Menandros son of Straton [of Epikephisia] [Boedrom(ion)] Apelles (son of Apelles) of Erchia^[4] [Pyanops(ion)] Alkimos (son of Alkimos) of Besa [Mamakte(rion)] Artemon son of Korinthos [of Anaphlystos]^[5] Posei(deon) (15) Panchares son of Ask- Gamel(ion) Gaius Horarius Anthesterios . . . ^[6] Antheste(rion) Paramonos (son of Paramonos) of Phlya Elaphebo(lion) Philemon son of S-lotheos of Euonymon Mouni(chion) . . . of Sphettos Tharge(lion) (20) Straton and Menandros of Epikephisia Skiro(phorion) [Eperastos] son of Alkimos of Besa Hekatom(baion) [Herakon] son of Alkimos of Besa^[7] Metageitnion

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Citizens (poleitai)^[8] -os son of Menandros of Phaleron (25) -onos (son of -onos) of Pallene -bos (son of -bos) of . . . -los S-anus of Cholleidai -rizon son of Zopyros of Piraeus -niu- son of Theokritos of Piraeus (30) . . . son of . . . of Berenikidai -chos (son of -chos) of Sounion . . . Οdinius Euelpistos^[9] Antiochos (son of Antiochos) of Anaphlystos Soisthenes son of Antiochos of Anaphlystos (35) Aphrodeisios son of Zosimos of Lamptrai^I Dionysios son of Zosimos of Lamptrai Anthos son of Euphranor of Lamptrai Lenais (son of Lenais) of Pambotadai Pankrates son of Euarestos of Araphen^II (40) Poplios (son of Poplios) of Angele^III Mousais (son of Mousais) of Myrrhinoutta^II Artemon son of Kallias of Gargettos Gaios (son of Gaios) of Gargettos Euodos son of Hermias of Kydathenaion^III (45) Hesperos son of Zopyros of Paiania Asiatikos son of Zopyros of Paiania Noumenios son of Symmachos of . . . [Eupo?]ros (son of [Eupo?]ros) of Eupyridai^IV Eraton son of Euporos of Eupyridai (50) Sta-los (son of Sta-los) of Deiradiotai Phosphoros son of Dionysios of Kolonai Aulius Lollius Atticus of Azenia^IX Agathopous son of Aphrodeisios of Skambonidai^IV Bakchylos son of Neikias of Phlya^VIII (55) Polybios son of Phaustos of Phlya Zosimos son of Dionysios of Phlya Aphrodeisios son of Polykleitos of Thorikos^VI Apollodoros (son of Apollodoros) of Acharnai^VII Dionysios son of Apollodoros of Acharnai (60) Parasios (son of Parasios) of Phyle Zopyros (son of Zopyros) of Phyle Euboulides son of Aphrodisios of Perithoidai Apollonios (son of Apollonios) of Halai Asklepiades of Sypalettos^VIII (65) Antipatros (son of Antipatros) of Alopeke^XI Epigonos son of Alexandros of Pallene Karpodoros (son of Karpodoros) of Sounion^XII Glaukias son of Aphrodeisios of Piraeus^IX Kraton (son of Kraton) of Marathon^X (70) Sotas son of Kraton of Marathon Apollonides (son of Apollonides) of Trikorynthos Αktis son of Euktemon of Sounion^XII Aphrodeisios son of Alkamenes of Paiania^III Hikesios son of Alkamenes of Paiania (75) Attikos son of Apelles of Erchia^II Paramonos (son of Paramonos) of Lamptrai Philemon son of Amyntas of Anaphlystos^XI Philon (son of Philon) of Marathon^X Euodos (son of Euodos) of Araphen^II (80) Herakleon son of Aristeides of Rhamnous^X uninscribed space List of citizens continues in col. 3, l. 115.

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Milesians^[10] Aufidius Diodotos Menandros (son of Menandros) Pomponius Clarus (85) Eutychides son of Asklepi- Italos (son of Italos) Menodoros son of Italos Nikias (son of Nikias) Eutychides son of . . . (90) Titus Flavius Synegdemos (son of Synegdemos) Eugenes son of Mouseros Eutychos son of Kriton Eisidoros son of Euporos Sokrates son of Demetrios (95) Titus Claudius Philokrates Herakleon son of Dionysios Protogenes (son of Protogenes) Dionysios son of Protogenes Skenikos son of Apelles (100) Asklepiodoros son of Euktemon Bion son of Eukarpides Dionysios (son of Dionysios) Tryphon son of Dionysios . . . son of Epiktetos (105) . . . . . . son of Graphikos . . . son of Pamphilos . . . -yphoros -tos son of Moschion (110) -kos son of Athenion -s son of Mnesitheos -ntos son of Apelles . . . son of Apelles List of Milesians continues in col. 5, l. 144. . . . List of citizens resumes from col. 2, l. 80. (115) Asklepiades (son of Asklepiades) of Lamptrai^I Bassos son of Asklepiades of Lamptrai Primos (son of Primos) of Lamptrai Makareus (son of Makareus) of Myrrhinoutta^II Sostratos (son of Sostratos) of Erchia (120) Demetrios son of Sostratos of Erchia Poplios son of Aristides of Philaidai Eublastos son of Dioteimos of Gargettos Zosimos son of Hesperos of Paiania^III Rhodippos son of Sporos of Cholleidai^IV (125) Straton son of Zosimos of Deiradiotai Zosimos son of Epiktetos of Paionidai Zoilos son of Epiktetos of Paionidai Diodoros (son of Diodoros) of Phlya^VII Antiochos (son of Antiochos) of Phlya (130) Zosimos (son of Zosimos) of Sphettos^V Bassos son of Aphrodeisios of Lousia^VI Eleusinios son of Menis of Phyle Halys son of Herakleon of Azenia^VIII Blastos son of Dionysios . . . (135) Poseidonios (son of Poseidonios) of Anaphlystos^X Korinthos (son of Korinthos) of Anaphlystos Isidotos (son of Isidotos) of Sounion^XII uninscribed space

Relief of a ship

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. . . of Marathon, trainer (paidotribēs)^[11] . . . of Marathon, tutors (paideutai) (140) . . . -andros son of Xanthοs? of Melite . . . son of Charikles Apollonios Drusus [Deputy] trainer (hupopaidotribēs)

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-stratos son of The- (145) E-los son of Theodo(ros) Alexandros son of Eisi- Asklepiades (son of Asklepiades) Menandros son of Bathippos Posas son of Preimos (150) Primos (son of Primos) Zosimos son of Primos Menas son of Plokamos Athenais son of Apollo- Euodos son of Heraklei- (155) Zosimos son of Herakl- Eleusinios son of Euodos Aphrodeisios (son of Aphrodeisios) Ariston son of Lenaios Attikos son of Theogenes (160) Apollonios son of Euphr- Lysias son of Eisidoros Sostratos son of Kalliph- Damas son of Pamphilos Sympheron son of Anthes (165) Dionysios son of Hermias Dionysios son of E- Epiktetos . . . Chares . . . Anthesterios? (son of Anthesterios?) (170) Publius Hermes Apollonios son of Deme- Kteson son of Philemon Terpsichoros son of Moschion Lysippos son of Zethos (175) Onesas son of Archelaos Sympheron son of Lenaios Eraton son of Lenaios Anteros son of Askle- Attikos son of Philon (180) Onesas son of Aulos Zosimos son of Sokra- Publius Beryllus Mousaios son of Kallist- Eumenes son of Palation (185) Eleutheros son of Palation Aphrodeisios . . . Demetrios . . . . . . Vergilius . . . Demetrios . . . (190) Junius Dem- Sotas son of Euporos Preimos son of Kallikles Apollonios son of Aphro(deisios) Chariton son of Athenion (195) Aristomachos . . . Aphrodeisios . . . Pistos son of -is Onesimos son of Epiktetos Flavius Euelpistos (200) Eisias son of Basileides Hermeias Am- . . .

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Leonas son of Euodos Zenon son of Hiero- (205) Hermogenes son of Epi- Sympheron son of De- Hygeinos son of Neiko-^[12] Philoumenos son of A- Paramonos (son of Paramonos) (210) Aristoboulos Primos son of Epiktetos Onesimos son of Aphr(odeisios) Amiantos son of Aso- Mystes son of Philip- (215) Claudius Aphrodisios Dionysios son of De- Stachys son of Faustus Onesimos son of Dio- Eisidoros son of Lys- (220) Pamphilos son of M- Diodoros . . . Euodos . . . Eu- . . . Aristokles (225) Nikias (son of Nikias) Semnos son of Alexandros Preimos (son of Preimos) Diodoros son of Ptolemaios Emporikos son of Eu- (230) Eirenaios son of Deios Skiros son of Theophilos Pankarpos son of Sym- Agathemeros son of Hera- Graphikos son of Apelles (235) Zosimos son of Nigros Prosdektos son of Nigros Zosimos son of Isidoros Dionysios son of Doro- Kraton son of Aristides (240) Symphoros son of Demetrios Eleusinios son of Dio(dotos?) Trophimos son of Diodo(tos?) Serapas son of Diodotos Eucharistos son of Le- (245) Pamphilos son of Zen- Dionysios son of Theo- . . . . . . . . . (250) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (255) K- . . .

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. . . son of Diophantos -kos son of Euty- Eleusinios son of Ep- Agathon (son of Agathon) (260) Euphrantides . . . Soterichos . . . Diokles . . . . . . . . . (265) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (270) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (275) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (280) . . . A- O- Dio- Stephanos . . . (285) Africanus . . . ^[13] -ptos Hyginos son of Nik-.^[12] uninscribed space

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References:

IG II² 1996 (Translated text) (PHI)

Wilson, Ephebic Inscriptions E.124

Translation by: Chris de Lisle

Monument type: Stele

Inscription type: List of names (ephebic)

Original location: [Diogeneion]

Findspot: Athens, St. Demetrios Katephores (EM 10343)

Transliterations on Places on

[1] Textual note AIO’s translation follows the IG text, but with a number of adjustments to readings and restorations of names. Changes in ll. 18, 48, 50, 72, 90, 142, 166, 188, 190, 201-2, 206, 223, are due to Wilson; changes in ll. 21-22, 32, 34, 228, 242 are due to S. Byrne Athenian Onomasticon. Line numbers diverge from the IG which counts ll. 12-22 twice and splits l. 142 into two separate lines. The opening section (ll. 1-10) spans the whole width of the stele. Column 1 (ll. 11-22) and column 4 (ll. 139-42) are located below this, adjacent to one another. The remaining text, consisting of two lists headed “citizens” (ll. 23-80, 115-37) and “Milesians” (ll. 81-114, 144-287), is arranged in five columns below (designated in our translation cols. 2, 3, 5, 6 and 7). A relief depicting a ship appears at the bottom of the stele in the centre, below columns 3 and 5, commemorating the “sea-battle” (see next note).

This is the second surviving example of the ephebic catalogues of the Roman Imperial period, after IG II² 1990. For the format, see see AIO Papers 12 sect. 1.3 and AIUK 11 (Ashmolean), no. 10 and for the earlier history of the ephebate, see RO 89. The inscription belongs to the year in which the Emperor Domitian (ruled 81-96 AD) served as eponymous archon of Athens in absentia – one of only three reigning emperors to do so (along with Commodus and Gallienus). This archonship occurred sometime in the years 84/5-92/3 AD, perhaps in 87/8 AD (Byrne, RCA, p. 507, but see J. L. Shear, ZPE 180, 2012, 165-67). For the superintendent, see IG II² 3739 and AIO Papers 12 sect. 2.1. Straton is not otherwise attested, but his sons appear prominently among the ephebes below – as is common for the children of the superintendent in the Imperial period. [2] The ephebes held a number of games with athletic and oratorical contests, of which the Theseia was one (see IG II² 2119 and AIO Papers 12 sect. 3.5.iii). Several ephebic dedications by victors in the torch race at the Theseia survive (see IG II³ 4, 377). These ephebic games were funded by individual ephebes in the role of competition directors (agonothetai), see AIO Papers 12 sect. 2.3. The competition directors here, Straton and Menandros, are sons of the year’s superintendent, as prominent ephebes often were, and also appear in the list of gymnasiarchs below (ll. 10-11, 20). There are at least eighteen other brothers in this ephebic cohort; see IG II² 1963 n. 2. This is the earliest explicit reference to the ephebic “sea-battle” (naumachia), which is depicted in the relief of a ship at the bottom of the stele (see AIUK 11 (Ashmolean), no. 10 and AIO Papers 12 sect. 3.5.i). The mention of Salamis, if correctly restored, might indicate that this event was connected with the row out to Salamis performed by the ephebes in the Hellenistic period as part of the Aianteia festival (cf. IG II³ 1, 1313, ll. 19-26; IG II² 1041, l. 20). [3] On the ephebic gymnasiarchs, see IG II² 1990 and AIO Papers 12 sect. 2.3. This is the first inscription to list all of the gymnasiarchs by month, as is the normal format in the second and third century catalogues. This also confirms that the ephebic year continued to run from Boedromion to Metageitnion, as in the Hellenistic period (Ch. Pélékidis, Histoire de l'éphébie attique, 1962, 110–111, 175, 219–20), meaning that they started their service in the third month of each archon-year and completed it in the second month of the following archon year. The archon year recorded in the inscription is always the year of enrolment. [4] Probably brother of the regular ephebe Atticus in l. 75. There are at least eighteen sets of brothers in this catalogue. On such “ephebic twins,” see IG II² 1963 n. 2. [5] Probably brother of the regular ephebe Korinthos in l. 136. [6] Anthesterios’ nomen Horarius suggests descent from one of the families of Italian businessmen (negotiatores) who settled on Delos in the second and first centuries BC (cf. I Délos 1764, IG XII 9, 952). Several such families rose to prominence in Julio-Claudian Athens (cf. Novius in IG II² 1990). Anthesterios held the gymnasiarchy in the month that bore his own name, indicating there was some choice about which month one served in. [7] For the restoration of these two names, see Athenian Onomasticon. They are brothers of the gymnasiarch Alkimos in l. 13. The trio reappear together as members of the Council of 500, along with a number of other members of this cohort, in Agora XV 321. [8] The ephebes are divided into two groups: “citizens” (poleitai) and “Milesians” (see n. 10, below). The citizens are listed with patronymics and demotics (the names of the gymnasiarchs in ll. 11-22 are not repeated). The first eleven citizen ephebes (ll. 24-34) are not listed in tribal order and were perhaps a privileged group (e.g. ephebic archons or team leaders, see AIO Papers 12 sect. 2.3). Most of the rest of the ephebes in column 2 (ll. 35-72) are arranged in tribal order, but there are several irregularities and the order breaks down altogether at the end of the column (ll. 73-80). Further ephebes with patronymics and demotics appear in the lower part of column 3 (ll. 115-137), below the Milesians, again roughly in tribal order. These might be a special class of Milesians, but it seems more likely that they are further citizen ephebes, who did not fit in column 2. One of them appears later as a member of the Council of 500 (l. 136 in Agora XV 321 and 333) and another as a Controller of the ephebes (l. 118 in IG II² 2054), both roles that were probably limited to citizens. Assuming all the ephebes with patronymics and demotics are citizen ephebes, they number 80 individuals (plus eleven gymnasiarchs), which is about the same size as the citizen cohorts in the second century AD catalogues (see AIO Papers 12 sect. 1.3). Of these ephebes, six are attested as members of the Council of 500, one (l. 55) was polemarch in 101/2 (IG II³ 4, 172), and another (l. 37) was father of two of the ephebic gymnasiarchs in AIUK 11 (Ashmolean), no. 6. Given the relatively small number of inscriptions surviving from the period when this cohort of ephebes were adults (late i – early ii AD), this is a substantial number of identifications (10% of the cohort) and indicates widespread participation of the ephebes in the government of Athens after their graduation. [9] The absence of a demotic is probably due to lack of space, not an indication of non-citizen status (Byrne, RCA, pp. 387-88). [10] The “Milesian” ephebes are listed in (probably) the top half of column 3 (ll. 82-113) and all of columns 5-6 (ll. 144-287). These “Milesians” occur in a number of Imperial-period ephebic catalogues and funerary inscriptions, but their identity is uncertain. The name suggests that they were migrants from Miletos and their descendants, a position supported by some scholars (e.g. T. Vestergaard in The Epigraphy of Death, 2000). But it is more likely that they were a status group, consisting of freedmen and/or the offspring of mixed marriages (see AIUK 2 (BSA), no. 13, AIO Papers 12 sect. 4.1). In ephebic catalogues, the term was replaced by “additional enrollees” (epengraphoi) by 109/10 AD (see IG II² 2017, AIO Papers 12 sect. 4.1). At around 180 individuals, this is the largest attested cohort of non-citizen ephebes in the Roman period; in the second and third century AD, their numbers range between ca. 30 and ca. 150 (AIO Papers 12 sect. 1.3). The son of one of the Milesians, Synekdemos (l. 101), appears in IG II² 2024, l. 16 as an Athenian citizen – one of the few instances of a Milesian being naturalised (Byrne, RCA, p. 229). [11] This largely-lost section of the stele listed the ephebic staff (see AIUK 11 (Ashmolean), no. 6, AIO Papers 12 sect. 2.2). [12] ll. 206 and 286 may give the names of two homonymous ephebes or accidentally list the same ephebe twice. [13] For the Greek spelling of this Latin name, cf. L. Threatte, Grammar I, p. 141, no. 13.

Added: 14 Jan 2021
Updated: 29 Mar 2024
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