AIO 3522 Lease of two agricultural estates by the deme Rhamnous, 339/8 BC

Lease of two agricultural estates by the deme Rhamnous, 339/8 BC

AIO 3522 Date: 339/8 BC

Θεοί· Τύχη. τῆς ἐν Ἕρμηι [κ]ατὰ τάδε μισθοῦσιν οἱ δημόται [ο]ἱ̣ [ἐ]κ̣ τοῦ Ἀ[ρ]- χίππου μέρους καὶ Στησίου τ̣ὸ τέμενος τὸ τῆ- (5)[ς θ]εοῦ τὸ ἐν Ἕρμει, ὃ Ἱεροκ[λ]ῆς πρότερον ἐγεώ- ργει, ὧι ⟨γ⟩είτων βορρᾶθε̣[ν Ἱ]εροφῶντο̣ς τὸ χωρ- {ωρ}ίον· ὁ δὲ μισθωσάμε[ν]ος κατὰ τάδε γεωργήσ- ε̣ι ἀρῶν τὴγ γῆν ἐναλλά̣ξ, τὰ μετόρχ[ι]α πυροῖς καὶ κριθαῖς, τῆς δ’ ἡμισέας τὴν ἡμισ̣έαν ὀσπρ- (10)ίοις, τὴν δὲ ἄλλην γῆν εὐθὺ̣ νεὼν ἀνή̣σ̣ει∶ ὁ δὲ χ- [ρ]ό⟨ν⟩ος τῆς μισθώσεως ὃγ γε̣ωργήσει δέκα ἔτη· [ἄρχ]ει ἄρχων τῆς μ[ι]σθώσεως πρῶτος ὁ μετὰ Λυ- [σιμαχί]δην ἄρχο[ν]τα· τὴμ μίσθωσιν καταθήσε- [ι] πρὸς τὸν σ̣[ύλλογ]ον τοῦ Ποσ[ι]δεῶνος μηνὸς τ- (15)ῖς ἀγοραῖ̣[ς· τὰς] ἀμπέλους σκάψηι δὶς τοῦ ἐν- ιαυτοῦ ἑκάσ[του], τ̣ὸ μὲν ἅτ⟨ε⟩ρον̣ ἔτος κορθίλα- ς κα[τ]ὰ πέδον, τὸ [δὲ ἅτ]ε̣ρον [ἔ]τ̣ο̣ς περιορύξ[ας κ]- α[τ]ὰ πέδον, [κ]αὶ τ̣’ ἄ̣λ̣λα δέ̣[νδρα θ’] ἥμερα κατὰ τ̣[αὐτ]- ά· στήσει δὲ [τ]ὰ̣[ς ἀ]μπέλο[υς, τ]ὰ̣ς μὲν νέας π[ρ]ὶν β- (20)λαστάνειν, τὰ[ς] δ̣ὲ παλαιὰ̣[ς ὁ]π̣όταμ βούλ[η]ται· οἰ̣κ̣ήσει̣ [τ]ὴ̣ν ο[ἰ]κίαν ὁ μισ[θω]σάμενος ⟨τὴ⟩ν ἐπὶ τῶι τεμέ̣νει τούτωι καὶ πα̣[ρ]α⟨δ⟩ώσει ὅταν ἐξί- ⟨η⟩[ι ἐ]κ το[ῦ τ]εμ[έ]νους στέγου̣[σ]αν καὶ ὀρθὴ[ν] ὡς ἂ- ν π[α]ρ̣[α]λ̣ά̣β̣ει· τὰ̣ [ἄ]χυρα κατ[αλ]είψ⟨ε⟩ι τὰ γενόμ[ε]- (25)να ἅπαντα ἐν τ[ῶ]ι χωρίωι κ[αὶ τ]ὴγ κόπρον [κ]αὶ τ- ὰς χάρακας ἁπ[ά]σας αἷς ἂν [χρῆ]τ̣αι· τοὺς ὄ[ρ]χου- ς τοὺς φυτιαίου⟨ς⟩ φυτεύσ[ει μὴ] ἐγλείπ[ω]ν̣ τάσ- υκᾶς· φυτεύσε[ι] καὶ ζωφύτ[ας δώδ]εκ[α τοῦ ἐ]νια- υτοῦ ἑκάστου καὶ ἐλάας ὅ[σας ἂν κελεύωσι φυ]- (30)τευτήρια οἱ [μ]ισθώσ[α]ν̣τ̣ε̣[ς· πυροὺς . . . . ⁸ . . . .] [.]ποδας [. . . ⁶ . . .]ε̣ι̣ [. . . .]ώσει τὴν [. . . . ⁸ . . . .] [. . . . . . . . . . . ²² . . . . . . . . . . .]α ἐὰν τιν[. . . ⁶ . . .] [. . . . . . . . . . . . ²⁴ . . . . . . . . . . . .]οις χρ̣η̣[. . . ⁵ . .] [. . . . . . . . . ¹⁷ . . . . . . . .]ει[. . . . . . . . . ¹⁷ . . . . . . . .] vacat (35)[- - - - - -]αρχείων vac. [κατὰ τάδε μισθοῦσι]ν οἱ δημόται οἱ ἐκ [το]ῦ Ἀρ̣χ̣[ί]- [ππου μέρους καὶ Στη]σίου τὸ τέμενος τ[ὸ τ]ῆς θε[ο]- [ῦ . . . . . . ¹² . . . . . . καὶ] τὸγ κῆπον· ὁ δὲ μισ[θ]ωσάμ[εν]- [ος κατὰ τάδε γεωργ]ήσει ἀρῶν τὴγ γῆν [ἐν]αλλὰ[ξ τ]- (40)[ὰ μετόρχια πυροῖς] καὶ κριθαῖς, τῆς δ’ [ἡ]μ̣ισεί̣[ας] [τὴν ἡμίσεαν ὀσπρίο]ις, τὴ̣ν̣ δ’ ἄλληγ γῆ[ν] εὐθ̣ὺ ν[εὼ]- [ν ἀνήσει· ὁ δὲ χρόνος τῆ]ς μισθώσεως ὃν̣ γε̣ωρ̣[γήσ]- [ει δέκα ἔτη· ἄρχει ἄρχων τ]ῆς μισθώσ[εω]ς πρῶ̣[τος] [Χαιρώνδας·? τὴν μίσθωσι]ν καταθήσε[ι π]ρ̣òς̣ [τòν σ]- (45)[ύλλογον τοῦ Ποσιδεῶνο]ς μηνòς τα[ῖς ἀ]γο[ραῖς· τ]- [ὰς ἀμπέλους σκάψηι δὶς] τοῦ ἐνιαυ[τοῦ] ἑκ[άστου], [τò μὲν ἅτερον ἔτος κορ]θ̣ίλας κατὰ [πέδο]ν, [τò δ’ ἅτ]- [ερον ἔτος περιορύξας] κα⟨τ⟩ὰ πέδο[ν καὶ ἅπαντα τ]- [ἄλλα δένδρα τὰ ἥμερα κ]ατὰ ταὐτά· [στήσει δὲ τὰς] (50)[ἀμπέλους τὰς μὲν νέας] πρὶν βλασ[τάνειν, τὰς δὲ] [παλαιὰς ὅποταμ βούλη]ται· οἰκή[σει τὴν οἰκίαν] [ὁ μισθωσάμενος τὴν ἐ]πὶ τῶι τεμ[ένει καὶ παραδ]- [ώσει ὅταν ἐξίηι ἐκ τ]οῦ τεμένο[υ]ς̣ σ̣τέγ̣[ο]υ̣σ̣[αν κα]- [ὶ ὀρθὴν ὡς ἂν παραλάβ]ηι· τὰ ἄχυ[ρ]α καταλεί[ψει τ]- (55)[ὰ γενόμενα ἅπαντα ἐν] τῶι χω[ρίω]ι καὶ τὴν κ[όπρο]- [ν καὶ τὰς χάρακας ἁπάσας ὅταν ἐ]ξίει αἷς ἂ[ν χρῆ]- [ται· τοὺς ὄρχους τοὺς φυτιαίους] φ̣υτεύσε[ι μὴ ἐ]- [γλείπων τὰς συκᾶς· φυτεύσει καὶ ζ]ωφύτ[α]ς [δώδεκ]- [α τοῦ ἐνιαυτοῦ ἑκάστου καὶ ἐλαί]ας ὅσα̣ [ἂν κελε]- (60)[ύωσι φυτευτήρια οἱ μισθώσαν]τ̣ες· π̣ύρου[ς . . . .] [. . . ⁵ . . πόδας . . . ⁶ . . .]ε̣ι̣τ̣α̣ [. . . .]ωσει τὴν |[. . . ⁵ . .] [. . . . . . . . . . . . . ²⁵ . . . . . . . . . . . .]α· ἐάν τιν[. . . ⁵ . .] [. . . . . . . . . . . . . ²⁵ . . . . . . . . . . . .]οις χρη̣[. . . ⁶ . . .] [. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ²⁹ . . . . . . . . . . . . . .]Λ̣ΑΔ̣[. .]ΔΕ [.] (65)[. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ²⁹ . . . . . . . . . . . . . .]ν δή̣μω[. .]ν [. . . . . . . . . . . . . . ²⁸ . . . . . . . . . . . . . .]ο̣ντες κατα- [. . . . . . . . . . . . . . ²⁷ . . . . . . . . . . . . .]αντα α[. .]ΛΟΥ [. . . . . . . . . . . . . ²⁶ . . . . . . . . . . . . .] ἐὰν δέ τινα Η[.] [. . . . . . . . . . . . ²³ . . . . . . . . . . . ἀ]πὸ τῆς γῆς ε̣ι̣[.]Λ̣Υ̣ (70)[. . . . . . . . . ¹⁷ . . . . . . . . ἀποτίμ]ημα δὲ καταστήσει [. . . . . . . . . ¹⁸ . . . . . . . . . τòν κ]ῆπον κηπουρήσειν [. . . . . . . . . . . . ²³ . . . . . . . . . . .] ῥέοντι ἀπὸ τῆς κ̣ρ̣[ή]- [νης . . . . . . . . . ¹⁸ . . . . . . . . . οὐδέ]να κωλύων ἀρδεύε[ι]- [ν . . . . . . . . . . . ²² . . . . . . . . . . . τὰ δὲ δ]ένδρα παρέχειν ε[.] (75)[. . . . . . . . . . . ²¹ . . . . . . . . . .] ἀκ̣ρόδρυα· εἰ δὲ μὴ [. . .] [. . . . . . . . ¹⁵ . . . . . . . δέν]δ̣ρον ζω̣φυτεῖν, τὰς πα̣λ̣[αι]- [ὰσυκᾶς καὶ ἐλάας τὰς] ἐ̣ν τῶι τεμένει μήτε λ̣υ̣[. . .] [. . . . . . . . . ¹⁷ . . . . . . . .]ειν μηδὲ ἄλλο δένδρον [. . .] [. . . . . . . . ¹⁶ . . . . . . . .]|| ἐπειδὰν δὲ ἐξίει ἐκ [τοῦ τ]- (80)[εμένους νεῶν ἀνήσ]ει τò ἥμισυ τοῦ κήπου, [τò δὲ ἄ]- [λλο ἥμισυ συσπερεῖ] σελάνωι καὶ ῥαφάνωι [- - -] vacat [. . . . . . . ¹⁴ . . . . . . .] τοὺς ἱερομνήμονας ἐκ τῶν λ̣ε̣π̣- [- - - - - - - - - - - - - - -] τὸν ἐνιαυτὸν ἕκαστον vac. [- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -] ἱερούς. vac. (85)[Θαργηλιῶνος ἕκ]τει ἐπὶ δέκα Ἀπ[ό]λλωνι Λυκείω[ι] [- - - - - - - - -]αι ἐ[ν] τῶι Ἀπ[όλ]λωνο[ς] π̣ε̣ρ̣[ιβό]- [λωι? - - - - - -]ταις [- - - - - -]ς Διὶ Ἑρκείωι vacat [- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -]μιδι vac. [- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -]ι vac. vacat (90)[μισθωτ-? - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -]νου Ὀα̣εὺς vacat

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Translated text

References:

AIO 3522 (Translated text) (AIO)

IG II² 2494 (PHI)

IG II² 2493 (PHI)

SEG 61.154

SEG 54.239

SEG 13.61 (PHI)

SEG 70.86

Jameson, Leasing , 66-74

R. Osborne, The demos and its divisions, no. 9

I Rhamnous 180 (PHI)

I Rhamnous 512

Papazarkadas, Sacred and Public Land, 142-7

Pernin, Baux ruraux 12

Humphreys, Kinship, 1161-2

Russo, Ripartizioni, D84

Translation by: Stephen Lambert

Monument type: Stele

Inscription type: Lease (deme Rhamnous), Sacrificial calendar (deme Rhamnous)

Findspot: Rhamnous (EM 4219+4219a+4219b)
Findspot: Rhamnous (Rhamnous Nemesion 55 + 438 N)
Findspot: Rhamnous (EM 4225)
Findspot: Rhamnous (Rhamnous Nemesion 38+209+445+511 N)

Transliterations on Places on

[1] Textual Note. Except as noted below, AIO follows the most recent text of Petrakos (I Rhamnous 512 = SEG 70.86), who credits Jameson with the restorations of ll. 39-63. 2 The more usual spelling of Ἥρμηι is Ἥρμει | 14 σ̣[ύλλογ]ον, 44-5 [σ|ύλλογον] ("meeting", "congregation") N. Papazarkadas, ZPE 149, 2004, 70 (SEG 54.239), cf. IG II² 1254, 18-23. | 14-15 τῖς = ταῖς | 35 τῶν] ἀρχείων ? | 60 π̣υρού[ς AIO (cf. 30), γύρου[ς ("curved") I Rham. 512 | 72-4 [- - χρήσεται δὲ τῶι ὕδατι τῶι] ῥέοντι ἀπὸ τῆς κ[ρ|ήνης ὅτι ἂν βούληται, ἕτερον οὐδέ]να κωλύων ἀρδεύε[ι|ν τῶι ὕδατι τὸ ἴδιον χωρίον, "[he will use the water] flowing from the spring [as much as he wishes, not] preventing anyone else from watering [their own estate with the water]", Wilhelm, Gr. Insch. Recht. Inhalts 72 (SEG 13.61) | 82-3 [θύειν τοὺς ἱερομνή]μονας ἐκ τῶν [μισ|θώσεων τῶν τεμενῶν] ("the sacred remembrancers [shall sacrifice] from the [rents from the precincts]") Papazarkadas, Sacred and Public Land, 142-7 (SEG 61.154). | 81 The usual spelling of "celery" is σελίνωι | 90 [μισθωτ?- - - -]νου Ὀα̣εύς AIO (SDL), [- - -]νου ΟΔΕΥΣ I Rham. 512.

Fragments of this lease of two agricultural estates of "the goddess" (i.e. Nemesis) by a section of the deme Rhamnous have been known for a long time, but a complete text of all 17 fragments, owing much to the work of Michael Jameson, has only recently (2020) been published as I Rhamnous 512. The first lease, of an estate in Hermos, occupies ll. 3-34; the second, contemporary with the first, of an estate and garden apparently also in Hermos, occupies ll. 35-81. Ll. 82-87 and it seems 88-9 contain a brief sacrificial calendar which most likely provided for the rents of the two estates to be used to fund specific sacrifices to several different deities (on this see Papazarkadas, Land). L. 90 appears to conclude with a personal name, perhaps of the lessee(s?). The agricultural provisions of both leases are substantially the same, but the second includes additional provisions relating to a garden. For the deme Rhamnous and its inscriptions see IG I³ 248 with notes; for inscribed Attic leases IG I³ 84 with notes. [2] "The goddess" is not named in this inscription, but in Rhamnous is identifiable as the principal goddess of the deme, Nemesis. There was a deme Hermos in the city trittys of Akamantis and a precinct (temenos) in Hermos belonging to Athena Polias is recorded as being leased together with other properties in the area of the city (on the Ilissos and at Alopeke) at Agora XIX L6, 65-6. The Hermos of this inscription appears to be a different Attic place of this name in the area of Rhamnous (Jameson, 69). Petrakos (note on IRhamn. 512, p. 111) reports that Jameson raised the possibility per ep. that the garden in the second lease was located at Selki, a place close to Rhamnous which has a water spring (ll. 72-73). [3] "Sections" (merē) are also attested in the demes Kytherros (where 8 "section members", meritai, are named as responsible for leasing a property, IG II² 2496, 3-8) and Athmonon, where six "section leaders", merarchai, are honoured in IG II² 1203. On the character of these groups see the notes to those inscriptions. In the 5th century BC in IG I³ 248, the deme Rhamnous is recorded as lending money belonging to Nemesis. It seems that this deme made its capital productive for funding its collective expenses both by leasing its landed properties and by loans, albeit that these methods are attested a century apart. For loans and property rentals as major sources of deme income cf. IG I³ 258 (Plotheia). [4] Of the section leaders, Stesias is not otherwise known; Archippos is probably identifiable with or related to the Archippos of Rhamnous who was eponymous archon under the oligarchy in 318/7 BC. [5] The previous tenant, Hierokles, was member of a Rhamnousian family well attested from its funerary monuments. Cf. S. Byrne, Athenian Onomasticon, sv. Hierokles. [6] The Hierophon who owned a neighbouring property is probably identifiable as the Hierophon who was father of a Theophanes of Rhamnous. [7] These lines are not easy to interpret without knowledge of the property, but the sense seems to be that half of the land between the rows (scil. of vines and perhaps figs and olives) is initially to be left fallow, and the rest planted with wheat and barley, and half of it ("half of the half") with pulses. In the following year it is implied that the land left fallow in the first year is to be planted similarly with wheat, barley and pulses, and the land that had been cultivated in the first year left fallow. [8] This line (35) contained a heading for the second lease in larger letters ([- - -]archeiōn), perhaps a description of the property with respect to the archeia, "official buildings", "headquarters" or possibly even "archives". Cf. Jameson, 69 n. 13.

Added: 2 Apr 2026
Updated: 2 Apr 2026
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ID: AIO_3522